Midwives’ experiences of utilising personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study

Angela O'FarrellUniversity Maternity Hospital, Limerick, Ireland

Anna V. ChatziDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

Owen DoodyDepartment of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; and Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.3396/ijic.v19.23085

Keywords:

personal protective equipment, midwife, COVID-19, experience, Ireland

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus has placed a lot of strain on the healthcare system. As a result, major changes have occurred in the way healthcare is delivered, including pregnancy care delivery. Within the Irish healthcare system, the response to the COVID-19 pandemic has demanded frequent and ongoing adjustments to midwifery practice and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) and its usage have come under serious scrutiny during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: To explore midwives experiences of utilising PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study utilising a purposive sampling of 10 midwives who participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews, highlighting their experiences of utilising PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data obtained was analysed using the Braun and Clarkes framework and reported in line with the consolidated criteria for qualitative research reporting (COREQ).

Results: Analysed data resulted in five themes, eight subthemes and 18 codes. The themes identified represent the participants experiences and highlight the; importance of effective communication, fear and anxiety of contracting and spreading the virus, value of peer support as a coping strategy, impact of lack of resources in the midwifery practice, and education and training effectiveness.

Conclusion: The introduced strict mandatory infection prevention and control measures, predominantly the wearing of PPE, took effect with concurrent increased stress and anxiety, while caring for pregnant women.

 

How to Cite:

O'Farrell, A., Chatzi, A. V., & Doody, O. (2023). Midwives’ experiences of utilising personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative descriptive study. International Journal of Infection Control, 19. https://doi.org/10.3396/ijic.v19.23085

References

  1. World Health Organization. Timeline: WHO’s COVID-19 response. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/interactive-timeline/# [cited 13 March 2022].

  2. State of Victoria Department of Health. Clinical guidance and resources – coronavirus (COVID-19). Melbourne: Department of Health, State Government of Victoria; 2021. Available from: https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/clinical-guidance-and-resources-covid-19 [cited 13 March 2022].

  3. World Health Organization. Report of the WHO-China joint mission on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publicationsdetail/report-of-the-who-china-joint-mission-on-coronavirus-disease-2019 [cited 13 March 2022].

  4. Hunter B, Warren L. Midwives experiences of workplace resilience. Midwifery 2014; 30: 926–34. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.03.010

  5. Jaracz M, Rosiak I, Bertrand-Bucinska A, Jaskulski M, Niezurawska J, Borkowska A. Affective temperament, job stress and professional burnout in nurses and civil servants. PLoS One 2017; 12: 1–11. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176698

  6. Fischer WA, Weber D, Wohl DA. Personal protective equipment: protecting health care providers in an Ebola outbreak. Clin Ther 2015; 37: 2402–10. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.09.003

  7. Liu M, Cheng SZ, Xu KW, Yang Y, Zhu QT, Zhang H, et al. Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study. BMJ 2020; 369: m2195. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m2195

  8. World Health Organization. Rational use of personal protective equipment for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and considerations during severe shortages: interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331695 [cited 15 March 2022].

  9. Park SH. Personal protective equipment for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect Chemother 2020; 52: 165–182. doi: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.165

  10. Houghton C, Meskell P, Delaney H, Smalle M, Glenton C, Booth A, et al. Barriers and facilitators to healthcare workers’ adherence with infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines for respiratory infectious diseases: a rapid qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4: CD013582. doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd013582

  11. Cook T, Kursumovic E, Lennane S. Exclusive: deaths of NHS staff from COVID-19 analysed 12 May 2020. Health Service Journal. Available from: https://www.hsj.co.uk/exclusive-deaths-of-nhs-staff-from-covid-19-analysed/7027471.article [cited 15 March 2022].

  12. Neergaard MA, Olesen F, Andersen RS, Sondergaard J. Qualitative description – the poor cousin of health research. BMC Med Res Methodol 2009; 16; 52. doi: 10.1186/1471-2288-9-52

  13. Sandelowski M. What’s in a name? Qualitative description revisited. Res Nurs Health 2010; 33: 77–84. doi: 10.1002/nur.20362

  14. Kim H, Sefcik JS, Bradway C. Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: a systematic review. Res Nurs Health 2017; 40: 23–42. doi: 10.1002/nur.21768

  15. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care 2007; 19: 349–57. doi: 10.1093/intqhc/mzm042

  16. LoBiondo-Wood G, Haber J. Nursing research: methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice. 9th edn. St. Louis, MI: Elsevier; 2018.

  17. Gugiu C, Randall J, Gibbons E, Hunter T, Naegeli A, Symonds T. PNS217 bootstrap saturation: a quantitative approach for supporting DATA saturation in sample sizes in qualitative research. Value Health 2020; 23: S677. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2020.08.1661

  18. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Dublin: Government of Ireland; 2018.

  19. Braun V, Clarke V. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2013.

  20. Braun V, Clarke V. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qual Res Psychol 2021; 18: 32852. doi: 10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238

  21. Ardebili ME, Naserbakht M, Bernstein C, Alazmani-Noodeh F, Hakimi H, Ranjbar H. Healthcare providers experience of working during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49: 547–54. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.001

  22. Hoernke K, Djellouli N, Andrews L, Lewis-Jackson S, Manby L, Martin S, et al. Frontline healthcare workers’ experiences with personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a rapid qualitative appraisal. BMJ Open 2021; 11(1): e046199. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046199

  23. White JH. A phenomenological study of nurse managers’ and assistant nurse managers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29: 1525–34. doi: 10.1111/jonm.13304

  24. Butler CR, Wong SPY, Vig EK, Neely CS, O’Hare AM. Professional roles and relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study among US clinicians. BMJ Open 2021; 11(3): e047782. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047782

  25. Barr J, Dowding L. Leadership in healthcare. 2nd edn. London: Sage Publications Ltd.; 2012.

  26. Hazfiarini A, Akter S, Homer CSE, Zahroh RI, Bohren MA. We are going into battle without appropriate armour: a qualitative study of Indonesian midwives’ experiences in providing maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Women Birth 2021; 35: 466–74. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.10.003

  27. Mollart L, Skinner VM, Newing C, Foureur M. Factors that may influence midwives work-related stress and burnout. Women Birth 2013; 26: 26–32. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2011.08.002

  28. Fenwick J, Toohil DK, Creedy J, Smith J, Gamble J. Sources, responses, and moderators of childbirth fear in Australian women: a qualitative investigation. Midwifery 2015; 31: 239–46. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2014.09.003

  29. Creedy DK, Sidebotham M, Gamble J, Pallant J, Fenwick J. Prevalence of burnout, depression, anxiety and stress in Australian midwives: a cross sectional survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2017; 17: 13–21. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1212-5

  30. Trifiletti E, Pedrazza M, Berlanda S, Pyszczynski T. Burnout disrupts anxiety buffer functioning among nurses: a three-way interaction model. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 1–10. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01362

  31. Nemcek MA, James GD. Relationships among the nurse work environment, self-nurturance, and life satisfaction. J Adv Nurs 2007; 59: 240–7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04309.x

  32. Flanagan E, Chadwick R, Goodrich J, Ford C, Wickens R. Reflection for all healthcare staff: a national evaluation of Schwartz Rounds. J Interprof Care 2020; 34: 140–2. doi: 10.1080/13561820.2019.1636008

  33. Chadwick RJ, Muncer SJ, Hannon BC, Goodrich J, Cornwell J. Support for compassionate care: quantitative and qualitative evaluation of Schwartz Centre Rounds in an acute general hospital. JRSM Open 2016; 7(7): 205427041664804. doi: 10.1177/2054270416648043

  34. Taylor C, Xyrichis A, Leamy MC, Reynolds E, Maben J. Can Schwartz Centre Rounds support healthcare staff with emotional challenges at work, and how do they compare with other interventions aimed at providing similar support? A systematic review and scoping reviews. BMJ Open 2018; 8(10): e024254. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024254

  35. Maben J, Taylor C, Dawson J, et al. A realist informed mixed-methods evaluation of Schwartz Centre Rounds® in England. HSDR 2018; 6(37): 1–260. doi: 10.3310/hsdr06370

  36. Nash M, Barry M, Bradshaw C. Midwives’ experiences of caring for women with early pregnancy loss in an Irish maternity hospital. Br J Midwifery 2018; 26(12): 796–805. doi: 10.12968/bjom.2018.26.12.796

  37. Meller N, Parker D, Hatcher D, Sheehan A. Grief experiences of nurses after the death of an adult patient in an acute hospital setting: an integrative review of literature. Collegian 2019; 26(2): 302–10. doi: 10.1016/j.colegn.2018.07.011

  38. Laing RE, Fetherston CM, Morrison P. Responding to catastrophe: a case study of learning from perinatal death in midwifery practice. Women Birth 2020; 33(6): 556–65. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2020.02.016

  39. Daellenbach R, Davies L, Kensington M, Crowther S, Gilkison A, Deery R, Rankin J. Rural midwifery practice in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Strengths, vulnerabilities, opportunities and challenges. New Zealand College of Midwives Journal 2020; 56: 17–25. doi: 10.12784/nzcomjnl56.2020.3.17-25

  40. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Midwife standards for practice. 2018. Available from: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-GuidelinesStatements/Professional-standards/Midwifestandards-for-practice.aspx [cited 13 March 2022].

  41. Mitchell R, Ogunremi T, Astrakianakis G, Bryce E, Gervais R, Gravel D, et al. Impact of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic on Canadian health care workers: a survey on vaccination, illness, absenteeism, and personal protective equipment. Am J Infect Cont 2012; 40: 611–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2012.01.011

  42. Fischer WA, Hynes NA, Perl TM. Protecting health care workers from Ebola: personal protective equipment is critical but is not enough. Ann Intern Med 2014; 161(10): 753–4. doi: 10.7326/m14-1953

  43. Kisely S, Warren N, McMahon L, Dalais C, Henry I, Siskind D. Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 369: 1–11. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1642

 

Copyright (c) 2023

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Authors retain copyright of their work, with first publication rights granted to IJIC. Read the full Copyright- and Licensing Statement.

Previous
Previous

Factors associated with knowledge about ‘Undetectable HIV viral load is Untransmittable’ among Zambian adults on antiretroviral therapy: a mixed method approach

Next
Next

Self-reported adherence of healthcare workers to infection prevention and control practices during the early waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt